With indirect or reported speech, as opposed to direct speech, we do not use quotation marks and it does not have to be word for word. Exclamatory sentence changes into assertive sentence and interjections are removed. Indirect speech definition and meaning collins english. Reported speech also called indirect speech relates what the person said, but does not use the exact words. Click here for a list of reported speech exercises. Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example im going to the cinema tonight. The purpose of this article is to suggest an alternative approach to the teaching of indirect, or reported, speech. The reported speech direct to indirect my teacher nabil. Indirect speech, the report uses the same words of the speaker, whereas, in indirect speech, one does not use the speakers exact words. Jan 27, 2015 the important thing to notice in the sentences above are the structures. Lets first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or viceversa.
All downloads are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. In indirect speech, the structure of the reported clause depends on whether the speaker is reporting a statement, a question or a command. Question forms and reported speech word order normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use do or did. In direct speech we repeat the original speakers exact words. See more ideas about indirect speech, reported speech and direct and indirect speech.
English grammar reported speech 1 reported speech direct and indirect or reported speech. When we change direct to indirect speech, we usually change the tense of the verbs from the present forms to the past forms. Here are 10 examples of direct and indirect speech in english. Direct and indirect speech exercise english grammar. Forbid s forbade is used for the negative sentences. Indirect speech is a means of expressing the content of statements, questions or other utterances, without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech.
Reported speech or indirect speech free english grammar. Dkb url textexercise 1 desc typelarge colorred opennewwindowno width120. In general, when we use indirect or reported speech, the verb tense changes. With the verb say notice how the sentence is formed. Typed by ozair ahmed baloch government boys primary school sammu village, uc1 gadap town karachi. The file contains direct and indirect speech rules for question sentences reported speech for tenses, imperative, optative and exclamatory sentences. Direct and indirect speech exercises with answers pdf. The quiz will test out your use of the two types of speech. Below is a table with an explanation of the tense changes in indirect or reported speech.
Reported speech pdf worksheets english vocabulary and. The reported speech in the first sentence, i like your hair, reflects the point of view of john. Reported speech is also known as indirect speech and is used to tell somebody else what another person said. Question forms and reported speech english grammar ef. There are three primary changes that may need to be made. When the main idea of a speakers words is reported by another person and the exact words are not quoted, it is called indirect speech or reported speech.
Indirect speech indirectreported speech, on the other hand, does not have to be within quotes or reported wordtoword. Introduction there are two ways of relating what a person has said. Indirect speech for imperative and exclamatory sentences change in pronoun in indirect speech change in time and adverb in indirect speech. They are building a new school here direct speech he said that they were building a new school there. Indirect speech definition in the cambridge english dictionary. Tenses of the verbs from the present forms to the past forms. When direct speech changes to reported speech usually the first and second person change to the third person, the present tense changes to the past tense and the adverbs showing nearness in time and position are replaced by adverbs that show distance in time and position.
Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said. The doctor told me go to go to bed at the same time every night. This is a handout i prepared for my students to learn reported speech. Direct and indirect speech can be a source of confusion for english learners. In the questions given below a sentence has been given in directindirect speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in direct indirect and mark your answer.
Using reported speech in english can sometimes be difficult for nonnative speakers as we usually change the verbs, pronouns and specific times. Turn these sentences with direct speech into those with indirect speech. Direct and indirect speech page 7 leadthecompetition. However, both are attributed to the speaker because they come directly from a source. It is not necessary to learn complicated rules about indirect speech in english, because most of the. There is more detailed information on the following pages. Jul 16, 20 indirect speech what the speaker has said without using the exact words the teacher told rajesh that he had a bright future. In the following questions, a sentence has been given in direct indirect. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past because obviously the person who spoke originally. Indirect speech sometimes called reported speech, doesnt use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesnt have to be word for word. Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is when words or phrases are reported in our own words.
When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it is called direct speech. In indirect speech, words spoken by one person is reported in another place at a different time by a different person. Indirect speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the. Indirect bob said that he was going to see his mother the next day. Direct bob said, im going to see my mother tomorrow. In speech, we usually use indirect or reported speech to relay what somebody said. If you want to download direct and indirect speech rules in pdf, you are at right place. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. Directquoted speech, involves quoting the exact words uttered by the person, within inverted commas or quotation marks. After explaining the main differences and changes between direct and indirect speech, i am going to make some reference to free indirect speech. The original words are modified andor interpreted as opposed to being quoted. Is there is an app to convert direct speech into indirect. Direct and indirect speech basic rules indirect speech for question sentence indirect speech for modals i.
Keep reading to understand how to use reported speech and download this free english lesson. What else do we change in a sentence when changing it from direct to indirect. Imperatives check point tick the doctors exact words. Because of this, there are many grammatical differences between direct and indirect speech. You can change your answer as many times as you like. Reported speech 1 statements grammar intermediate to upper. Direct and indirect speech interpretation by older adults. Express check circle the correct words to complete these sentences. The reported speech direct to indirect a speech can be divided into direct and indirect. This method is called indirect speech or reported speech.
Indirect speech tends to be more complicated than direct speech because it requires certain changes in both english and french. If to is added with the reporting verb then in indirect speech it will be changed as per the rule below. There are different ways in which people can report what people have said in a given situation, and as discusses in class, this can either be using direct or indirect speech. Direct speech i am in my house now indirect speech he was in his house then conversion to indirect speech following are some golden rules and easy steps to convert direct indirect speech. Indirect speech is introduced by some verbs like ordered, requested, advised and suggested. English grammar direct speech quoted speech and indirect. University of groningen between direct and indirect speech. The girl said, i have been practicing the violin for six months. We have our subject, followed by the past of the verb say, plus our proper noun josh, and finally our tense shifted verb is became was.
See more ideas about reported speech, learn english and indirect speech. Page 1 direct and indirect speech rules pdf table of contents identify reported speech and reported speech direct and indirect speech punctuation rules use of conjunction that rules for changing pronouns in indirect speech indirect speech rules for all tenses rules for change in time and adverb in indirect speech. Prepared by abdul rauf baloch government boys secondary school bhiroo village, uc1 gadap town karachi. The first word inside the quotation marks starts with a capital letter.
Reported speech indirect speech in english summary. If the reporting verb in the direct speech statement is in present tense or future tense, then it remains same in indirect speech too i. They said, we are going to cinema direct speech they said that they were going to cinema. We use reporting verbs like say, tell, ask, and we may use the word that to introduce the reported words.
Lets consider the indirect speech of the sentence under consideration. Time expressions with reported speech sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. For example, he said im coming is direct speech, whereas he said that he was coming is indirect speech. This page will help you to understand basics of direct indirect speech with easy understanding. If it is say, says, will say or said, in indirect speech also it will remain same say, says, will say or said.
Indirect speech is introduced by some words like grief, sorrow, happiness, applaud. Indirect speech we may report what he said without quoting his exact words. Rs004 reported speech indirect commands intermediate. She said to me, thank you steven said, ashley must go tomorrow. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is not usually placed inside quote marks.
In writing, it functions to move a piece along by boiling down points that an interview source made. It consists in reporting an utterance indirectly by back shifting the verb, while omitting the reporting clauses, which are the conventional signals of indirect speech. Click on the alternative which you think best expresses the same sentence in indirectdirect speech. In case 2, the witness is reporting what the speaker has said matter and it is known as indirect speech.
If you have a sentence in direct speech, try to follow our 5 steps to put the sentence into reported speech mind the type of sentences when you use reported speech. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech. Aug 14, 2019 indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. If you use reported speech there are mostly two main differences. Quoted and reported speech san jose state university. Here the exact words of the speaker have been put within quotation marks.
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